👓 Refractive Errors

These include:

• Myopia (nearsightedness) – blurry distance vision

• Hyperopia (farsightedness) – trouble seeing clearly up close, especially for reading

• Astigmatism – blurred or distorted vision at all distances

Refractive errors are the most frequent cause of abnormal vision in children, representing 47–92% of visual impairments in pediatric populations studied (Liu et al., 2024) and are seen in nearly 20% of kids in general health data (Children’s Hospital Vision Data, 2024).