This is when one eye turns inward, outward, up, or down. It can affect depth perception and how well the eyes work together, and it can sometimes lead to amblyopia. Treatment might include glasses, patching, vision therapy, or in some cases, surgical referral.

Strabismus (eye misalignment) is present in roughly 2% of children, though regional estimates vary from about 1.3% to 5.7% (Aleid, 2024; Prevent Blindness U.S. data, 2024).